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Forming the honorific/humble forms in Japanese.

Firstly one has to make the distinction between honorific and humble. To put it simply, honorific is when one refers to someone else's actions, whereas humble is where one refers to their own. You use polite speech or 'keigo' (敬語) when addressing someone who is above the speaker (bosses, older friends, senpai etc.)

To form the honorific form, you usually use the passive form.

連絡させる - to contact.

Note that this format is also the passive and in some cases (such as Type 2 verbs) the potential.

To avoid this complexity, one can create the honorific and humble forms by the following;

Honorific = お + 'masu-stem' + になる
Humble = お + 'masu stem' + する

Let's use the verb 乗る (to ride) as an example.

日本に旅行するなら、JALでお降りになったほうがいいです。
When you go to Japan, you should fly via JAL.

日本に旅行して行った時、JALでお降りしました。
When I went to Japan, I flew via JAL.

Some verbs in Japanese have specific honorific and humble forms;

する (なさる - いたす)
いる (いらっしゃる - おる)
行く (いらっしゃる - まいる)
来る (いらっしゃる - まいる・伺う)
食べる (召し上がる - 頂く)
飲む (召し上がる - 頂く)
聞く (伺う)
言う (おっしゃる - 申す)
見る (ご覧になる)
知る (ご存知 - 存じる)
もらう (いただく)
くれる (くださる)
あげる (さしあげる)

Some pronouns and nouns include their own honorific form,

どこ = どちら
どう = いかが
だれ = どなた
これ・ここ = こちら
それ・そこ = そちら
あれ・あそこ = あちら

リチャードの家 = リチャードのお宅
いい = よろしい
が好き = がお好き

Special words that denote belonging, such as family, money and friends (and more bizarrely, tea and alcohol) use the prefix お or ご depending on the type of word. Normally words with the Chinese reading (that is to say the on'yomi) have the prefix ご whereas the words with Japanese origin have the prefix お.

お酒を飲みになりますか? - will you drink this alcohol?
明日、ご両親にいらっしゃいませんか? - will your parents come tomorrow?

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